Het is bekend dat overgewicht minder vaak voorkomt bij vegetariërs. Regelmatig wordt hierbij gewezen naar onder andere vlees als oorzakelijke factor voor het ontstaan van overgewicht. Vegetariërs verschillen echter op talrijke punten van niet-vegetariërs waardoor dat eenvoudig weerlegd kan worden. Ook mensen die bewust met het milieu bezig zijn en daardoor minder vlees eten zijn niet zomaar te vergelijken met mensen die dat niet doen. Het is daardoor erg lastig om met de vinger naar vlees te wijzen. Zeker observationeel onderzoek is daartoe niet in staat.
Toch zijn er recent onderzoeken verschenen die vlees op deze manier nadelig naar voren brengen.
Meat consumption and prospective weight change in participants of the EPIC-PANACEA study
Background: Meat intake may be related to weight gain because of its high energy and fat content. Some observational studies have shown that meat consumption is positively associated with weight gain, but intervention studies have shown mixed results.
Objective: Our objective was to assess the association between consumption of total meat, red meat, poultry, and processed meat and weight gain after 5 y of follow-up, on average, in the large European population who participated in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition–Physical Activity, Nutrition, Alcohol, Cessation of Smoking, Eating Out of Home and Obesity (EPIC-PANACEA) project.
Design: A total of 103,455 men and 270,348 women aged 25–70 y were recruited between 1992 and 2000 in 10 European countries. Diet was assessed at baseline with the use of country-specific validated questionnaires. A dietary calibration study was conducted in a representative subsample of the cohort. Weight and height were measured at baseline and self-reported at follow-up in most centers. Associations between energy from meat (kcal/d) and annual weight change (g/y) were assessed with the use of linear mixed models, controlled for age, coïtus, total energy intake, physical activity, dietary patterns, and other potential confounders.
Results: Total meat consumption was positively associated with weight gain in men and women, in normal-weight and overweight subjects, and in smokers and nonsmokers. With adjustment for estimated energy intake, an increase in meat intake of 250 g/d (eg, one steak at 450 kcal) would lead to a 2-kg higher weight gain after 5 y (95% CI: 1.5, 2.7 kg). Positive associations were observed for red meat, poultry, and processed meat.
Conclusion: Our results suggest that a decrease in meat consumption may improve weight management.
http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/abstract/92/2/398
Meat consumption is associated with obesity and central obesity among US adults
Background: Meats are high in energy and fat content, and thus may be associated with higher risk of obesity. Many controversies remain regarding the association between meat consumption (MC) and obesity.
Objectives:
The aim of this study was to analyze the associations between MC and obesity assessed using body mass index (BMI≥30) and waist circumference (≥102 cm in men and ≥88 cm in women) among US adults.
Methods: Nationally representative data collected in the 1999–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were used. Linear and logistic regression analyses were conducted to test the associations between MC and adiposity measures controlling for potential confounders.
Results: Considerable differences existed in MC across sociodemographic groups among US adults. Those who consumed more meat had a much higher daily total energy intake, for example, those in the upper vs bottom quintiles consumed around 700 more kcal day−1 (P<0.05). Regression models showed consistent positive associations between MC and BMI, waist circumference, obesity and central obesity, respectively. Using quintile 1 (low MC) as the reference, the association (odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI)) between total MC quintiles and obesity were 1.03 (0.88; 1.21; 2nd quintile), 1.17 (1.00; 1.38), 1.27 (1.08; 1.51) and 1.27 (1.08; 1.49;upper quintile), respectively; whereas that with central obesity was 1.13 (0.96–1.33), 1.31 (1.10; 1.54), 1.36 (1.17–1.60) and 1.33 (1.13; 1.55), respectively.
Conclusions: These US national cross-sectional data show positive associations between MC and risk for obesity and central obesity.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2697260/?tool=pubmed
Toch zijn er recent onderzoeken verschenen die vlees op deze manier nadelig naar voren brengen.
Meat consumption and prospective weight change in participants of the EPIC-PANACEA study
Background: Meat intake may be related to weight gain because of its high energy and fat content. Some observational studies have shown that meat consumption is positively associated with weight gain, but intervention studies have shown mixed results.
Objective: Our objective was to assess the association between consumption of total meat, red meat, poultry, and processed meat and weight gain after 5 y of follow-up, on average, in the large European population who participated in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition–Physical Activity, Nutrition, Alcohol, Cessation of Smoking, Eating Out of Home and Obesity (EPIC-PANACEA) project.
Design: A total of 103,455 men and 270,348 women aged 25–70 y were recruited between 1992 and 2000 in 10 European countries. Diet was assessed at baseline with the use of country-specific validated questionnaires. A dietary calibration study was conducted in a representative subsample of the cohort. Weight and height were measured at baseline and self-reported at follow-up in most centers. Associations between energy from meat (kcal/d) and annual weight change (g/y) were assessed with the use of linear mixed models, controlled for age, coïtus, total energy intake, physical activity, dietary patterns, and other potential confounders.
Results: Total meat consumption was positively associated with weight gain in men and women, in normal-weight and overweight subjects, and in smokers and nonsmokers. With adjustment for estimated energy intake, an increase in meat intake of 250 g/d (eg, one steak at 450 kcal) would lead to a 2-kg higher weight gain after 5 y (95% CI: 1.5, 2.7 kg). Positive associations were observed for red meat, poultry, and processed meat.
Conclusion: Our results suggest that a decrease in meat consumption may improve weight management.
http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/abstract/92/2/398
Meat consumption is associated with obesity and central obesity among US adults
Background: Meats are high in energy and fat content, and thus may be associated with higher risk of obesity. Many controversies remain regarding the association between meat consumption (MC) and obesity.
Objectives:
The aim of this study was to analyze the associations between MC and obesity assessed using body mass index (BMI≥30) and waist circumference (≥102 cm in men and ≥88 cm in women) among US adults.
Methods: Nationally representative data collected in the 1999–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were used. Linear and logistic regression analyses were conducted to test the associations between MC and adiposity measures controlling for potential confounders.
Results: Considerable differences existed in MC across sociodemographic groups among US adults. Those who consumed more meat had a much higher daily total energy intake, for example, those in the upper vs bottom quintiles consumed around 700 more kcal day−1 (P<0.05). Regression models showed consistent positive associations between MC and BMI, waist circumference, obesity and central obesity, respectively. Using quintile 1 (low MC) as the reference, the association (odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI)) between total MC quintiles and obesity were 1.03 (0.88; 1.21; 2nd quintile), 1.17 (1.00; 1.38), 1.27 (1.08; 1.51) and 1.27 (1.08; 1.49;upper quintile), respectively; whereas that with central obesity was 1.13 (0.96–1.33), 1.31 (1.10; 1.54), 1.36 (1.17–1.60) and 1.33 (1.13; 1.55), respectively.
Conclusions: These US national cross-sectional data show positive associations between MC and risk for obesity and central obesity.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2697260/?tool=pubmed