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What is Phosphatidylcholine?
March 31, 2004
The treatment with phosphatidylcholine in the context of injection lipolysis (fat dissolving injections).
Phosphatidylcholine is a phospholipid found in the cell membrane (membrane phospholipid), a chemical that is involved in cell structure and intra- and intercellular metabolism. Apart from the sphingolipids, phosphatidylcholine is the most important essential phospholipid (EPL) of mammals and is a major component of the cell membranes in the human body. Furthermore, it has an important function for intra- and intercellular metabolism.
It has primarily been used clinically for intravenous treatment of fat embolism, for lowering cholesterol levels and as a liver protective substance.
For some years now, phosphatidylcholine has also been used for subcutaneous treatments of circumscribed fat deposits at eyelids, abdominal folds, flanks, upper and lower limbs and other body areas; and the clinical results have been excellent.
Phosphatidylcholine exerts an important influence on the regulation of lipid homeostasis by producing essential components of lipoproteins..
It activates L-CAT (lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase) which in turn initiates the transportation of excess cholesterol found in the tissue, to the liver and their transformation into bile acids.
In the lungs, phosphatidylcholine is active as a surfactant preventing the alveolar breakdown at the end of the expiration. As from the 35th week of pregnancy, a mix consisting of 90% phosphatidylcholine and 10% proteins (surfactant proteins SP-A and surfactant proteins D) is produced in the pneumocytes in the course of the foetal lung development. This spreads like a film on the alveolar surface and can be detected in bronchial secretion and amniotic fluid. It facilitates the development of the collapsed alveoli of the newborn and forms a part of the protection and self-cleaning mechanism of the bronchial system. In case of a surfactant deficiency syndrome, it is – in addition to other measures - set into the bronchial system.
Also in connection with the body’s inflammatory process, phosphatidylcholine fulfils important physiological tasks, namely by means of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins, leukotrienes and thromboxanes of the arachidonic acid. Phospholilpase-A2 releases arachidonic acid from the membrane lipids. Through the action of cyclooxygenase, it is turned into prostaglandin H2, the precursor of all physiological prostaglandins and thromboxanes. Due to cyclooxygenase inhibition, phosphatidyl has a prostaglandin-antagonistic effect. Phosphatidylcholine is hydrolyzed in the fatty tissue by phospholipase D and produces apolar phosphoric acid and polar cholines. Cholines have lipotropic properties and work as emulsifiers; and are components of the phospholipids.
Other effects of phosphatidylcholine are as follows:
It has a protective effect on the liver by regeneration of the liver cells; it produces a marked decrease of triglyceride synthesis and triglyceride levels; an increase in high-density lipoproteins (HDL) in cholesterol metabolism and inhibition of atherosclerotic plaques in blood vessels and their subsequent dissolution.
The classic indication for phosphotidylcholine is and continues to be the prophylaxis and treatment of fat embolisms of patients with multiple injuries.
At the end of the 80s, phosphatidylcholine was used for infiltration in xanhelasmata, and this with satisfactory success. In the 90s, some physicians in Brazil started with subcutaneous injections into fat deposits under the eyelids, in the abdomen, hip and flanks. The results of these treatments of localised adiposities to improve body contours were outstanding.
Scientific research of the lipolysis mechanism of phosphatidylcholine on to human adipocytes revealed that phosphatidylcholine penetrates the adipocytes and is then, due to the impact of phospholipase D, hydrolyzed to phosphoric acid and choline. Cholines act as emulsifiers, and phosphoric acid triggers the activation of protein kinase C (PKC). The latter has the effect that lipolytic lipases – assisted by HSL (hormone sensitive lipases) hydrolyze triglycerides to become fatty acids and glycerine. With the help of lipoproteins – e.g. phosphatidylcholine is the major component of HDL - these are now transported to the liver and eliminated as bile acids.
Due to uncontrolled attempts at treatment by non-physicians the procedure of fat reduction fell into some discredit. However since it is now supported by wider scientific research and the recommendation that it is exclusively used by physicians, the treatment has experienced an unparalleled revival in Europe and the U.S.A.
Within the framework of NETWORK-Lipolysis, there is now continuing research and investigations into this treatment. This exchange of clinical experience takes place on an international level. Objections expressed by some medical colleagues are becoming less as the successes of lipodissolve injections become clearer. It is of considered of the utmost importance to reduce any abuse by non-physicians, so that standards and consistency of treatment can be assured. NETWORK-Lipolysis is training physicians in Europe, and these physicians will take part in a comprehensive follow-up study that is underway with 5,000 subjects within the framework of NETWORK-Lipolysis.
MR Dr. Franz Hasengschwandtner
Roots
August 10, 2003
Injection-Lipolysis starts in Italy, was very successful in Brasil and came back to Europe
In 1995, a female dermatologist from Brazil began treating patients with a well established liquid lecithin product; phosphatidylcholine, a a chemical produced from the soya bean that has been used therapeutically for 15 years, originally for intravenous treatment of cholesterol level disorders and more recently for injections into fat deposits under the skin.
Although the results were outstanding as it is so often the case with new and simple discoveries, the professional world appeared both critical and sceptical. At the end of 2001, the American Society for Plastic Surgery published a statement arguing that surgical liposuction was the only proven method to reduce fat cells in the long run, and many considered this was based on a fear of losing patients willing to undergo liposuction.
Recently, the medical director of a world-famous dermatological hospital of New York published his overwhelming positive results, and this started a world wide increase in investigations relating to this treatment resulting in very encouraging results being reported. (Dr. Soren White, Skinklinic, Upper East Side, NY).
Similar positive results have been reported by a range of treatment centres such as the Advanced Clinical Cosmetology Centre, Harley House, London (Sir Sally Gilbert Wilson) and Skin Clinic Tampa / St. Petersburg, USA, Dr. Bayfrom.
In South and Central America there are also numerous institutes working with this technique. Approx. 8,500 patients was treated during the past years without having observed any any side-effects!
In Austria, too, authorities have opposed this therapy initially due to the lack of technical information. The critical issues most frequently addressed by, for instance, the German Society for Plastic Surgery, have been the correct dosage of the pharmaceutical substance and the manner of the disposal or transportation of the dissolved fat. Recent work has clarified these areas beyond doubt.
In addition to sphingomylin, phosphatidylcholine is the most important representative of the phospholipids in the human body (EPLs = essential phospholipids). They are components of the cell membranes, and the transportation mechanism for fat in blood with lipoproteins serving as transporting proteins is well known. When processing soy beans to soybean oil, soyalecithin arises as spin-off; said soyalecithin is a phosphatidylcholine with the same molecular structure as human phosphatidylcholine. Research found a way to develop “Lipostabil” today approved and registered in Germany and 53 other countries.
Dr. Sam Baxas, Medical Center Binningen, Switzerland, developed the formula and achieved enormous successes in the field of atherosclerosis with this medicament – called “X-Plaque” there – by dissolving fat substances in the blood vessels.
Phosphatidylcholine has been used for 15 years now for intravenous treatment of cholesterol disorders.
MR Dr. Franz Hasengschwandtner
First scientific theory on injection lipolysis:
Title:
Evidenced Based Practice: Phosphatidylcholine
A Review of Evidence for the Mode of Action in Injection Lipolysis
Author:
Ninian Peckitt, M.D.
Injection Lipolysis is a popular cosmetic procedure involving the subcutaneous injection of phosphatidylcholine (PC) - Lipostabil N ®. This publication is an independent review of applied phospholipid biochemistry, plasma membranes, cell lysis and apoptosis.
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Type:
Paperback - 246 x 189mm - 160 pages colour
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67.00 £ / 99.00 €
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