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Als ik even google kom ik deze ref waarde tegen:
Tren & Hoge bloeddruk, hoe ga je dit tegen?
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Vroeg de arts ook, voel me eigenlijk kip lekker
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Interessant stukje (bron DatBtrue)
Taming High Blood Pressure Naturally - Clinical Natural Medicine Handbook, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. 2006
Clinical Natural Medicine Handbook, Chris D. Meletis, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. 2006
Chapter 19 - Taming High Blood Pressure Naturally
Hypertension is one of the greatest health care problems facing today’s world with 50 million North Americans suffering from this often-silent killer. According the American Heart Association, one in three U.S. adults has hypertension, and one-third are unaware that they have it.1 Elevated blood pressure is a known risk factor for heart attacks and strokes along with excess wear and tear throughout the body, and hypertension is the foremost cause of unexpected death. Hypertension also contributes to comorbidity in individuals with diabetes: More than 73% of people with diabetes also have elevated blood pressure.2 One of the most challenging aspects of treating a patient with hypertension is that the majority of cases of hypertension are categorized as essential hypertension, that is, the condition’s cause is not readily identifiable. Thus, clinically deciding which of the multiple drug therapies that are most apt to help a given patient is as much art as it is clinical protocol. The numerous conventional options to help a patient control hypertension include the following well-known interventions: diuretics, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, and betablockers. Alternative approaches that use natural therapies are equally as varied, and they include botanicals, nutraceuticals, diet, and lifestyle interventions.
The first intervention for hypertensive treatment common to all fields of medicine is to incorporate diet and lifestyle changes, such as increased exercise, increased consumption of magnesium and potassium, and a low-sodium diet. Beyond these first steps to set the foundation, the realm of specific supplementation protocols are individually customized and frequently include coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), hawthorn (Crataegus spp.) berry extract, olive (Olea europaea) leaf extract, garlic (Allium sativum), coleus (Coleus forskohlii), omega-3 fatty acids, and L-arginine. Clinical practice routinely demonstrates that a multifactorial approach of lifestyle changes combined with appropriate supplements can make a significant impact on hypertension. The ‘‘bottom line’’ when creating a therapeutic intervention for a patient who has hypertension is to achieve a normotensive state safely with as few side effects as possible, while supporting overall cardiovascular health in a manner that is sustainable for a lifetime.
DIET AND LIFESTYLE CHANGES
Dietary and lifestyle interventions, without question, are the most challenging with regard to compliance for all patients. However, tackling the very patterns of behavior that have contributed to onset of a disease state is essential when reestablishing a health-promoting homeostasis. The maintenance and protection of the 60,000 miles of blood vessels that include 18,000 miles of capillaries are governed by what a person eats and how much that person exercises. Both a healthy diet and a consistent exercise routine are important keys to preventing and controlling hypertension. In a randomized and multicenter study published in 2004 of more than 800 patients, the group that was involved in increased physical activity, weight loss, and decreased sodium and alcohol intake had its baseline rate of hypertension cut by more than half.3 Moreover, a recent epidemiologic study assessing the contribution of Western society’s common risk factors in hypertension found that physical inactivity makes the largest contribution to risk of developing hypertension, though high sodium and low potassium intake each contributed a significant risk, as did low magnesium intake.4 A study has also shown that supplementation with soy protein and psyllium fiber decreased 24-hour systolic blood pressure by 5.9 mmHg in hypertensive individuals.5
As difficult as it is to help patients change their behavior, the time practitioners invest in constructing specific exercise plans, discussing particular fruits and vegetables that patients find appetizing and would be likely to incorporate into their diets, and recommending salt restriction is all time well-spent. Frequently, the role of an effective practitioner is that of a ‘‘motivational health coach,’’ providing powerful treatment tools to share with patients and combining these tools with educational facts that can empower patients to change. Thus, as a patient learns about the consequences, both good and bad parts, of personal life choices, the more likely he or she is to make changes. For example, illustrating the importance of achieving an optimal lean body mass with facts and figures can make a goal more tangible. When a patient comes to realize that the capillary beds within the body while at rest contain a mere 5% of the blood volume yet contribute to 27% of peripheral resistance (explained in intelligent lay terms), this can serve a motivational pivot because the loss of 1 pound can equate to the loss of 250 miles of blood vessels, thus, lowering the resistance that the heart must pump against and the resultant bloodpressure change. In addition, a patient with an average heart rate of 72 beats per minute can be educated on the importance of properly fueling the cardiovascular system by learning that the heart weighs a mere 10 ounces yet contracts approximately 100,000 times per day.
COENZYME Q10
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), one of the better-studied supplements with regard to hypertension, also plays a crucial role in energy protection and performance of the myocardium. The clinical literature reports on the hypertensive benefits of CoQ10 go back as early as the mid 1970s, with an early study on five patients with essential hypertension who also had deficient activity of the CoQ10-dependent enzyme, succinate dehydrogenase-CoQ10 reductase.6 Four of the five patients experienced significant reductions in blood pressure when given CoQ10 for three to five months. In a more recent trial, 26 patients with essential hypertension were given 50 mg of CoQ10, two times per day for 10 weeks.7 At the end of the 10 weeks, the subjects’ average systolic blood pressure had dropped from 164 mmHg to 146 mmHg, and their average diastolic blood pressure had decreased from 98 mmHg to 86 mmHg, a significant and relevant decrease. As an indication of this supplement’s effect on total heart health, total cholesterol decreased from about 223 mg=dL to 213 mg=dL, while their average high-density lipoprotein (HDL) increased from approximately 41 mg=dL to 43 mg=dL. Several other studies corroborate the effectiveness of CoQ10 for reducing blood pressure.
In an observational study of 109 patients seen in a private cardiology practice and who had essential hypertension, the patients added an average of 225 mg per day of CoQ10 to the antihypertensive medications they were already taking.8 The dose of CoQ10 was adjusted individually according to the subjects’ responses and, as needed, the pharmaceuticals in the patients’ hypertensive regimens were altered. In this study, not only was the New York Heart Association functional class significantly improved in these patients—51% were able to discontinue from one to three of their other antihypertensive medications over the course of several months.
Furthermore, a randomized, double-blind trial on 59 patients already receiving antihypertensive medications also showed reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressures when they received CoQ10 supplementation.9 In this study’s CoQ10 group there were also reductions in plasma insulin, glucose, and triglyceride levels, as well as an increase in HDL, suggesting the appropriateness of CoQ10 for patients with diabetes and metabolic syndrome who also have hypertension. Finally, researchers who did a randomized, doubleblinded, placebo-controlled trial on CoQ10 in 82 patients with isolated systolic hypertension found that, over 12 weeks, subjects who consumed 60 mg of CoQ10 twice daily had an average drop of 17.8 7.3 mmHg.10 What is clinically noteworthy is that, although CoQ10 frequently works well as an isolated therapy, combining it with allopathic regimens often provides synergistic benefits as well. In addition, CoQ10 and L-carnitine have also produced improved clinical benefit for patients with a number of cardiovascular maladies, which was likely, in part, the result of their combined role in supporting adenosine triphosphate production and myocardial energy performance.
HAWTHORN
There are several other supplements that may well be useful for controlling hypertension, although the level of research evidence may not yet be as great as the level of their use among alternative and complementary medicine practitioners. Several species of hawthorn (Crataegus spp.) have garnered some research interest. In a recent double-blinded study of Iranian C. curvisepala, 92 subjects took either the hawthorn extract or a placebo for more than four months, and these produced significant drops in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure three months into the study.11 An additional pilot study showed a favorable trend toward reduced hypertension for hawthorn extract but the results did not reach statistical significance.12 Traditionally, this herb has been used as a heart tonic, and is used extensively for patients with chronic heart failure. What is important to note is that, in the practice setting, the full benefits of hawthorn in the proper dosages may take approximately six to eight weeks to be clinically observable.
OLIVE LEAF EXTRACT
Olive leaf (Olea europaea) extract is another of several botanicals with antihypertensive effects. Given orally to rats predisposed to hypertension and exposed to a hypertensive drug, olive leaf extract prevented rises in blood pressure over eight weeks in a dose-dependent manner.13.The antihypertensive effects from this plant or its subspecies are probably the result of triterpenoids that have been demonstrated to act as beta-adrenergic antagonists.14 Because of this potential action, it is possible for an interaction with pharmaceutically produced beta-blockers.
GARLIC
Garlic (Allium sativum) is another food botanical with mild antihypertensive effects. A metaanalysis of studies using dried garlic powder does suggest that this form of garlic supplementation may lead to a significant drop in both systolic and diastolic pressures, although larger studies would be welcome.15 One specific study on 47 patients over 12 weeks showed that the subjects who took the garlic powder had a drop in supine diastolic pressure from an average of 102 mmHg to 91 mmHg over 12 weeks.16 In addition to a drop in blood pressure, there were also significant reductions in cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Thus, it appears that garlic, like CoQ10, may lead to an overall improvement in cardiovascular function that results in lowered blood pressure.
COLEUS
Another herb, traditionally used in India for its antihypertensive effects is coleus (Coleus forskohlii). Coleus contains diterpenes that may have antihypertensive actions.17 One of these, forskolin, is a molecule that acts directly on adenyl cyclase and leads to increased intracellular levels of the second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP).18 This, in turn, may lead to a cAMP-induced vasodilation and result in lower blood pressure. Some clinical experience with this herb indicates that about 540 mg per day of an extract standardized to 10% forskolin may have an antihypertensive effect in some people; at this dose, it is also not unusual for loose bowel movements to occur.
L-ARGININE
The amino acid L-arginine is gaining interest as an antihypertensive agent, because of its ability to increase nitric oxide production when taken as a nutritional supplement. In one study on 13 patients with hypertension and angina, L-arginine, taken at 2 g, three times per day led to improvement of resting systolic blood pressure, reduction of angina symptoms, and better quality of life; all were considered to be significant.19 In another study on patients with both hypertension and diabetes, patients were given 3 g of L-arginine every hour for 10 hours over two days, and this produced a drop in systolic blood pressure of about 12 mmHg and a drop in diastolic blood pressure of about 6 mmHg.20 These effects were reversed within hours of L-arginine cessation. As it is impractical to take L-arginine orally every hour, a three times per day dosing schedule of 2–5 g may be attempted, or a time-release product utilized. An additional benefit of L-arginine therapy is that its ability to vasodilate can also help support better erectile functioning that often becomes compromised with long-term circulatory disease.
POMEGRANATE JUICE
Pomegranate (Punica granatum) juice has shown several cardio-protective properties. In one study, consumption of 50 ml of pomegranate juice (1.5 mmol of total polyphenols) per day for two weeks in hypertensive individuals showed a decrease in angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity by 36%. Additionally, there was a 5% reduction in systolic blood pressure.21 A similar study examined the effect of pomegranate juice consumption for one to three years in atherosclerotic patients with carotid artery stenosis. The results showed that, after one year, systolic blood pressure was reduced by 21%.22 Animal studies suggest that pomegranate juice inhibits the CYP3A4 enzyme comparable to the inhibition with grapefruit juice, which may alter the metabolism of pharmaceuticals metabolized with this pathway.23
OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS
Fish oils from fatty fish such as salmon, mackerel, and herring are especially high in the omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Omega-3 fatty acids from fish oils have anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic effects because they compete with arachidonic acid in the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways. Omega-3 fatty acids suppress COX-2 expression and the inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1 alpha and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a).24 A study with highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) ethyl esters at a dose of 4 g per day was shown to significantly decrease both systolic and diastolic blood pressure in mildly hypertensive individuals.25 Additional studies have shown that 4 g per day of fish oil reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure, as well as decreased triglycerides and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol. 26
MINERALS
Calcium, magnesium, and potassium have all shown some efficacy in the management of hypertension. In a double-blind, randomized crossover study, patients with mild to moderate primary hypertension were supplemented with 600 mg per day of magnesium for six weeks. Oral magnesium significantly reduced the systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure.27 In another double-blind crossover study of magnesium supplementation ranging from 15– 40 mmol per day, a significant decrease in the mean systolic blood pressure was recorded from while the mean diastolic blood pressure decreased from 100.2 = 4.2 mmHg to 92.0 = 6.6 mmHg.28 A study examined calcium carbonate supplementation at a dosage of 1.5 g per day in hypertensive patients for eight weeks. The results showed that the salt-sensitive hypertensive individuals had a significant blood pressure decrease.29 Another study showed that there was a significant linear decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure with increasing dairy calcium intake, and conversely with increasing blood pressure, there was a significant linear decrease in age-adjusted calcium intake from dairy sources.30 Additional analysis has shown that calcium supplementation (mean daily dose of 1,200 mg) reduced systolic BP by –1.86 mmHg and diastolic BP by 0.99 mmHg with a more profound impact in patients with a relatively low calcium intake.31
Potassium is also important in the prevention of hypertension. A meta-analysis of the studies performed showed that potassium supplementation is associated with a significant reduction in mean systolic blood pressure by –3.11 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure by –1.97 mmHg. The beneficial effects are more pronounced in individuals with low potassium and high sodium intake.32
CONCLUSIONS
There are numerous natural medicine therapeutics that can be particularly effective to help control mild to moderate hypertension. It is noteworthy that combined allopathic and naturopathic approaches can often help lessen the need for high-dose conventional drug therapy, and=or can help offset some of the side effects of such therapy. While no option in itself may be completely sufficient, several of the previously reviewed supplements used together and combined with consistent lifestyle changes, such as increased exercise, increased potassium and magnesium intake, and lowered sodium intake, will often lead to substantial reductions in hypertension.
Studies have shown that over 80% of all doctor visits and hospital admissions can be attributed directly or indirectly to stress, thus proving that stress has clear and devastating physical consequences well beyond the mental anguish. It is paramount to remember throughout the day:
REFERENCES
1 - American Heart Association. High Blood Pressure Statistics. Available at: www.americanheart.org= presenter.jhtml?identifier 212. Accessed November 13, 2007.
2 - French MT, Mundt MP, Fleming M, Zavala SK. The cost of medical care for patients with diabetes, hypertension and both conditions: Does alcohol use play a role? J Intern Med. 2005;258:45–54.
3 - McGuire HL, Svetkey LP, Harsha DW, et al. Comprehensive lifestyle modification and blood pressure control: A review of the PREMIER trial. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2004;6:383–390.
4 - Geleijnse JM, Kok FJ, Grobbee DE. Impact of dietary and lifestyle factors on the prevalence of hypertension in Western populations. Eur J Public Health. 2004;14:235–239.
5 - Burke V, Hodgson JM, Beilin LJ, Giangiulioi N, Rogers P, Puddey IB. Dietary protein and soluble fiber reduce ambulatory blood pressure in treated hypertensives. Hypertension. 2001 Oct;38(4):821–826.
6 - Yamagami T, Shibata N, Folkers K. Bioenergetics in clinical medicine: VIII. Administration of coenzyme Q10 to patients with essential hypertension. Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol. 1976;721–727.
7 - Langsjoen P, Langsjoen P, Willis R, Folkers K. Coenzyme Q10 in essential hypertension. Mol Aspects Med. 1994;15(suppl.):S257–S263.
8 - Langsjoen P, Langsjoen P, Willis R, Folkers K. Treatment of essential hypertension with coenzyme Q10. Mol Aspects Med. 1994;15(suppl.):S265–S272.
9 - Singh RB, Niaz MA, Rastogi SS, et al. Effect of hydrosoluble coenzyme Q10 on blood pressures and insulin resistance in hypertensive patients with coronary artery disease. J Hum Hypertens. 1999;13:203–208.
10 - Burke BE, Neuenschwander R, Olson RD. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of coenzyme Q10 in isolated systolic hypertension. South Med J. 2001; 94:1112–1117.
11 - Asgary S, Naderi GH, Sadeghi M, et al. Antihypertensive effect of Iranian Crataegus curvisepala Lind: A randomized, double-blind study. Drugs Exp Clin Res. 2004;30(5–6):221–225.
12 - Walker AF, Marakis G, Morris AP, Robinson PA. Promising hypotensive effect of hawthorn extract: A randomized double-blind pilot study of mild, essential hypertension. Phytother Res. 2002;16:48–54.
13 - Khayyal MT, el-Ghazaly MA, Abdallah DM, et al. Blood pressure lowering effect of an olive leaf extract (Olea europaea) in L-NAME induced hypertension in rats. Arzneimittelforschung. 2002;52:797–802.
14 - Somova LI, Shode FO, Mipando M. Cardiotonic and antidysrhythmic effects of oleanolic and ursolic acids, methyl maslinate and uvaol. Phytomedicine. 2004;11(2–3):121–129.
15 - Silagy CA, Neil HA. A meta-analysis of the effect of garlic on blood pressure. J Hypertens. 1994;12: 463– 468.
16 - Auer W, Eiber A, Herrkorn E., et al. Hypertension and hyperlipidaemia: Garlic helps in mild cases. Br J Clin Pract. 1990;69(suppl.):S3–S6.
17 - Dubey MP, Srimal RC, Nityanand S, Dhawan BN. Pharmacological studies on coleonol, a hypotensive diterpene from Coleus forskohlii. J Ethnopharmacol. 1981;3:1–13.
18 - Ishikawa Y. Isoform-targeted regulation of cardiac adenylyl cyclase. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2003; 41(suppl.1):S1–S4.
19 - Palloshi A, Fragasso G, Piatti P, et al. Effect of oral L-arginine on blood pressure and symptoms and endothelial function in patients with systemic hypertension, positive exercise tests, and normal coronary arteries. Am J Cardiol. 2004;93:933–935.
20 - Huynh NT, Tayek JA. Oral arginine reduces systemic blood pressure in type 2 diabetes: Its potential role in nitric oxide generation. J Am Coll Nutr. 2002;21:422– 427.
21 - Aviram M, Dornfeld L. Pomegranate juice consumption inhibits serum angiotensin converting enzyme activity and reduces systolic blood pressure. Atherosclerosis. 2001 Sep;158(1):195–198.
22 - Aviram M, Rosenblat M, Gaitini D, Nitecki S, Hoffman A, Dornfeld L, Volkova N, Presser D, Attias J, Liker H, Hayek T. Pomegranate juice consumption for 3 years by patients with carotid artery stenosis reduces common carotid intima-media thickness, blood pressure and LDL oxidation. Clin Nutr. 2004 Jun;23(3): 423– 433.
23 - Hidaka M, Okumura M, Fujita K, Ogikubo T, Yamasaki K, Iwakiri T, Setoguchi N, Arimori K. Effects of pomegranate juice on human cytochrome p450 3A (CYP3A) and carbamazepine pharmacokinetics in rats. Drug Metab Dispos. 2005 May;33(5):644–648. Epub 2005 Jan 26.
24 - Curtis CL, Hughes CE, Flannery CR, Little CB, Harwood JL, Caterson B. n-3 fatty acids specifically modulate catabolic factors involved in articular cartilage degradation. J Biol Chem. 2000 Jan 14;275(2): 721–724.
25 - Prisco D, Paniccia R, Bandinelli B, Filippini M, Francalanci I, Giusti B, Giurlani L, Gensini GF, Abbate R, Neri Serneri GG. Effect of medium-term supplementation with a moderate dose of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on blood pressure in mild hypertensive patients. Thromb Res. 1998 Aug 1;91(3):105–112.
26 - Toft I, Bønaa KH, Ingebretsen OC, Nordøy A, Jenssen T. Effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on glucose homeostasis and blood pressure in essential hypertension. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 1995 Dec 15;123(12):911–918.
27 - Sanjuliani AF, de Abreu Fagundes VG, Francischetti EA. Effects of magnesium on blood pressure and intracellular ion levels of Brazilian hypertensive patients. Int J Cardiol. 1996 Oct 11;56(2):177–183.
28 - Widman L, Wester PO, Stegmayr BK, Wirell M. The dose-dependent reduction in blood pressure through administration of magnesium. A double blind placebo controlled cross-over study. Am J Hypertens. 1993 Jan;6(1):41– 45.
29 - Weinberger MH, Wagner UL, Fineberg NS. The blood pressure effects of calcium supplementation in humans of known sodium responsiveness. Am J Hypertens. 1993 Sep;6(9):799–805.
30 - Jorde R, Bonaa KH. Calcium from dairy products, vitamin D intake, and blood pressure: The Tromso Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Jun;71(6):1530–1535.
31 - van Mierlo LA, Arends LR, Streppel MT, Zeegers MP, Kok FJ, Grobbee DE, Geleijnse JM. Blood pressure response to calcium supplementation: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Hum Hypertens. 2006 Aug;20(8):571–580. Epub 2006 May 4.
32 - Whelton PK, He J, Cutler JA, Brancati FL, Appel LJ, Follmann D, Klag MJ. Effects of oral potassium on blood pressure. Meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. JAMA. 1997 May 28;277(20):1624– 1632.
Clinical Natural Medicine Handbook, Chris D. Meletis, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. 2006
Chapter 19 - Taming High Blood Pressure Naturally
Hypertension is one of the greatest health care problems facing today’s world with 50 million North Americans suffering from this often-silent killer. According the American Heart Association, one in three U.S. adults has hypertension, and one-third are unaware that they have it.1 Elevated blood pressure is a known risk factor for heart attacks and strokes along with excess wear and tear throughout the body, and hypertension is the foremost cause of unexpected death. Hypertension also contributes to comorbidity in individuals with diabetes: More than 73% of people with diabetes also have elevated blood pressure.2 One of the most challenging aspects of treating a patient with hypertension is that the majority of cases of hypertension are categorized as essential hypertension, that is, the condition’s cause is not readily identifiable. Thus, clinically deciding which of the multiple drug therapies that are most apt to help a given patient is as much art as it is clinical protocol. The numerous conventional options to help a patient control hypertension include the following well-known interventions: diuretics, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, and betablockers. Alternative approaches that use natural therapies are equally as varied, and they include botanicals, nutraceuticals, diet, and lifestyle interventions.
The first intervention for hypertensive treatment common to all fields of medicine is to incorporate diet and lifestyle changes, such as increased exercise, increased consumption of magnesium and potassium, and a low-sodium diet. Beyond these first steps to set the foundation, the realm of specific supplementation protocols are individually customized and frequently include coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), hawthorn (Crataegus spp.) berry extract, olive (Olea europaea) leaf extract, garlic (Allium sativum), coleus (Coleus forskohlii), omega-3 fatty acids, and L-arginine. Clinical practice routinely demonstrates that a multifactorial approach of lifestyle changes combined with appropriate supplements can make a significant impact on hypertension. The ‘‘bottom line’’ when creating a therapeutic intervention for a patient who has hypertension is to achieve a normotensive state safely with as few side effects as possible, while supporting overall cardiovascular health in a manner that is sustainable for a lifetime.
DIET AND LIFESTYLE CHANGES
Dietary and lifestyle interventions, without question, are the most challenging with regard to compliance for all patients. However, tackling the very patterns of behavior that have contributed to onset of a disease state is essential when reestablishing a health-promoting homeostasis. The maintenance and protection of the 60,000 miles of blood vessels that include 18,000 miles of capillaries are governed by what a person eats and how much that person exercises. Both a healthy diet and a consistent exercise routine are important keys to preventing and controlling hypertension. In a randomized and multicenter study published in 2004 of more than 800 patients, the group that was involved in increased physical activity, weight loss, and decreased sodium and alcohol intake had its baseline rate of hypertension cut by more than half.3 Moreover, a recent epidemiologic study assessing the contribution of Western society’s common risk factors in hypertension found that physical inactivity makes the largest contribution to risk of developing hypertension, though high sodium and low potassium intake each contributed a significant risk, as did low magnesium intake.4 A study has also shown that supplementation with soy protein and psyllium fiber decreased 24-hour systolic blood pressure by 5.9 mmHg in hypertensive individuals.5
As difficult as it is to help patients change their behavior, the time practitioners invest in constructing specific exercise plans, discussing particular fruits and vegetables that patients find appetizing and would be likely to incorporate into their diets, and recommending salt restriction is all time well-spent. Frequently, the role of an effective practitioner is that of a ‘‘motivational health coach,’’ providing powerful treatment tools to share with patients and combining these tools with educational facts that can empower patients to change. Thus, as a patient learns about the consequences, both good and bad parts, of personal life choices, the more likely he or she is to make changes. For example, illustrating the importance of achieving an optimal lean body mass with facts and figures can make a goal more tangible. When a patient comes to realize that the capillary beds within the body while at rest contain a mere 5% of the blood volume yet contribute to 27% of peripheral resistance (explained in intelligent lay terms), this can serve a motivational pivot because the loss of 1 pound can equate to the loss of 250 miles of blood vessels, thus, lowering the resistance that the heart must pump against and the resultant bloodpressure change. In addition, a patient with an average heart rate of 72 beats per minute can be educated on the importance of properly fueling the cardiovascular system by learning that the heart weighs a mere 10 ounces yet contracts approximately 100,000 times per day.
COENZYME Q10
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), one of the better-studied supplements with regard to hypertension, also plays a crucial role in energy protection and performance of the myocardium. The clinical literature reports on the hypertensive benefits of CoQ10 go back as early as the mid 1970s, with an early study on five patients with essential hypertension who also had deficient activity of the CoQ10-dependent enzyme, succinate dehydrogenase-CoQ10 reductase.6 Four of the five patients experienced significant reductions in blood pressure when given CoQ10 for three to five months. In a more recent trial, 26 patients with essential hypertension were given 50 mg of CoQ10, two times per day for 10 weeks.7 At the end of the 10 weeks, the subjects’ average systolic blood pressure had dropped from 164 mmHg to 146 mmHg, and their average diastolic blood pressure had decreased from 98 mmHg to 86 mmHg, a significant and relevant decrease. As an indication of this supplement’s effect on total heart health, total cholesterol decreased from about 223 mg=dL to 213 mg=dL, while their average high-density lipoprotein (HDL) increased from approximately 41 mg=dL to 43 mg=dL. Several other studies corroborate the effectiveness of CoQ10 for reducing blood pressure.
In an observational study of 109 patients seen in a private cardiology practice and who had essential hypertension, the patients added an average of 225 mg per day of CoQ10 to the antihypertensive medications they were already taking.8 The dose of CoQ10 was adjusted individually according to the subjects’ responses and, as needed, the pharmaceuticals in the patients’ hypertensive regimens were altered. In this study, not only was the New York Heart Association functional class significantly improved in these patients—51% were able to discontinue from one to three of their other antihypertensive medications over the course of several months.
Furthermore, a randomized, double-blind trial on 59 patients already receiving antihypertensive medications also showed reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressures when they received CoQ10 supplementation.9 In this study’s CoQ10 group there were also reductions in plasma insulin, glucose, and triglyceride levels, as well as an increase in HDL, suggesting the appropriateness of CoQ10 for patients with diabetes and metabolic syndrome who also have hypertension. Finally, researchers who did a randomized, doubleblinded, placebo-controlled trial on CoQ10 in 82 patients with isolated systolic hypertension found that, over 12 weeks, subjects who consumed 60 mg of CoQ10 twice daily had an average drop of 17.8 7.3 mmHg.10 What is clinically noteworthy is that, although CoQ10 frequently works well as an isolated therapy, combining it with allopathic regimens often provides synergistic benefits as well. In addition, CoQ10 and L-carnitine have also produced improved clinical benefit for patients with a number of cardiovascular maladies, which was likely, in part, the result of their combined role in supporting adenosine triphosphate production and myocardial energy performance.
HAWTHORN
There are several other supplements that may well be useful for controlling hypertension, although the level of research evidence may not yet be as great as the level of their use among alternative and complementary medicine practitioners. Several species of hawthorn (Crataegus spp.) have garnered some research interest. In a recent double-blinded study of Iranian C. curvisepala, 92 subjects took either the hawthorn extract or a placebo for more than four months, and these produced significant drops in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure three months into the study.11 An additional pilot study showed a favorable trend toward reduced hypertension for hawthorn extract but the results did not reach statistical significance.12 Traditionally, this herb has been used as a heart tonic, and is used extensively for patients with chronic heart failure. What is important to note is that, in the practice setting, the full benefits of hawthorn in the proper dosages may take approximately six to eight weeks to be clinically observable.
OLIVE LEAF EXTRACT
Olive leaf (Olea europaea) extract is another of several botanicals with antihypertensive effects. Given orally to rats predisposed to hypertension and exposed to a hypertensive drug, olive leaf extract prevented rises in blood pressure over eight weeks in a dose-dependent manner.13.The antihypertensive effects from this plant or its subspecies are probably the result of triterpenoids that have been demonstrated to act as beta-adrenergic antagonists.14 Because of this potential action, it is possible for an interaction with pharmaceutically produced beta-blockers.
GARLIC
Garlic (Allium sativum) is another food botanical with mild antihypertensive effects. A metaanalysis of studies using dried garlic powder does suggest that this form of garlic supplementation may lead to a significant drop in both systolic and diastolic pressures, although larger studies would be welcome.15 One specific study on 47 patients over 12 weeks showed that the subjects who took the garlic powder had a drop in supine diastolic pressure from an average of 102 mmHg to 91 mmHg over 12 weeks.16 In addition to a drop in blood pressure, there were also significant reductions in cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Thus, it appears that garlic, like CoQ10, may lead to an overall improvement in cardiovascular function that results in lowered blood pressure.
COLEUS
Another herb, traditionally used in India for its antihypertensive effects is coleus (Coleus forskohlii). Coleus contains diterpenes that may have antihypertensive actions.17 One of these, forskolin, is a molecule that acts directly on adenyl cyclase and leads to increased intracellular levels of the second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP).18 This, in turn, may lead to a cAMP-induced vasodilation and result in lower blood pressure. Some clinical experience with this herb indicates that about 540 mg per day of an extract standardized to 10% forskolin may have an antihypertensive effect in some people; at this dose, it is also not unusual for loose bowel movements to occur.
L-ARGININE
The amino acid L-arginine is gaining interest as an antihypertensive agent, because of its ability to increase nitric oxide production when taken as a nutritional supplement. In one study on 13 patients with hypertension and angina, L-arginine, taken at 2 g, three times per day led to improvement of resting systolic blood pressure, reduction of angina symptoms, and better quality of life; all were considered to be significant.19 In another study on patients with both hypertension and diabetes, patients were given 3 g of L-arginine every hour for 10 hours over two days, and this produced a drop in systolic blood pressure of about 12 mmHg and a drop in diastolic blood pressure of about 6 mmHg.20 These effects were reversed within hours of L-arginine cessation. As it is impractical to take L-arginine orally every hour, a three times per day dosing schedule of 2–5 g may be attempted, or a time-release product utilized. An additional benefit of L-arginine therapy is that its ability to vasodilate can also help support better erectile functioning that often becomes compromised with long-term circulatory disease.
POMEGRANATE JUICE
Pomegranate (Punica granatum) juice has shown several cardio-protective properties. In one study, consumption of 50 ml of pomegranate juice (1.5 mmol of total polyphenols) per day for two weeks in hypertensive individuals showed a decrease in angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity by 36%. Additionally, there was a 5% reduction in systolic blood pressure.21 A similar study examined the effect of pomegranate juice consumption for one to three years in atherosclerotic patients with carotid artery stenosis. The results showed that, after one year, systolic blood pressure was reduced by 21%.22 Animal studies suggest that pomegranate juice inhibits the CYP3A4 enzyme comparable to the inhibition with grapefruit juice, which may alter the metabolism of pharmaceuticals metabolized with this pathway.23
OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS
Fish oils from fatty fish such as salmon, mackerel, and herring are especially high in the omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Omega-3 fatty acids from fish oils have anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic effects because they compete with arachidonic acid in the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways. Omega-3 fatty acids suppress COX-2 expression and the inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1 alpha and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a).24 A study with highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) ethyl esters at a dose of 4 g per day was shown to significantly decrease both systolic and diastolic blood pressure in mildly hypertensive individuals.25 Additional studies have shown that 4 g per day of fish oil reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure, as well as decreased triglycerides and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol. 26
MINERALS
Calcium, magnesium, and potassium have all shown some efficacy in the management of hypertension. In a double-blind, randomized crossover study, patients with mild to moderate primary hypertension were supplemented with 600 mg per day of magnesium for six weeks. Oral magnesium significantly reduced the systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure.27 In another double-blind crossover study of magnesium supplementation ranging from 15– 40 mmol per day, a significant decrease in the mean systolic blood pressure was recorded from while the mean diastolic blood pressure decreased from 100.2 = 4.2 mmHg to 92.0 = 6.6 mmHg.28 A study examined calcium carbonate supplementation at a dosage of 1.5 g per day in hypertensive patients for eight weeks. The results showed that the salt-sensitive hypertensive individuals had a significant blood pressure decrease.29 Another study showed that there was a significant linear decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure with increasing dairy calcium intake, and conversely with increasing blood pressure, there was a significant linear decrease in age-adjusted calcium intake from dairy sources.30 Additional analysis has shown that calcium supplementation (mean daily dose of 1,200 mg) reduced systolic BP by –1.86 mmHg and diastolic BP by 0.99 mmHg with a more profound impact in patients with a relatively low calcium intake.31
Potassium is also important in the prevention of hypertension. A meta-analysis of the studies performed showed that potassium supplementation is associated with a significant reduction in mean systolic blood pressure by –3.11 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure by –1.97 mmHg. The beneficial effects are more pronounced in individuals with low potassium and high sodium intake.32
CONCLUSIONS
There are numerous natural medicine therapeutics that can be particularly effective to help control mild to moderate hypertension. It is noteworthy that combined allopathic and naturopathic approaches can often help lessen the need for high-dose conventional drug therapy, and=or can help offset some of the side effects of such therapy. While no option in itself may be completely sufficient, several of the previously reviewed supplements used together and combined with consistent lifestyle changes, such as increased exercise, increased potassium and magnesium intake, and lowered sodium intake, will often lead to substantial reductions in hypertension.
Studies have shown that over 80% of all doctor visits and hospital admissions can be attributed directly or indirectly to stress, thus proving that stress has clear and devastating physical consequences well beyond the mental anguish. It is paramount to remember throughout the day:
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14 - Somova LI, Shode FO, Mipando M. Cardiotonic and antidysrhythmic effects of oleanolic and ursolic acids, methyl maslinate and uvaol. Phytomedicine. 2004;11(2–3):121–129.
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16 - Auer W, Eiber A, Herrkorn E., et al. Hypertension and hyperlipidaemia: Garlic helps in mild cases. Br J Clin Pract. 1990;69(suppl.):S3–S6.
17 - Dubey MP, Srimal RC, Nityanand S, Dhawan BN. Pharmacological studies on coleonol, a hypotensive diterpene from Coleus forskohlii. J Ethnopharmacol. 1981;3:1–13.
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laatste keer was die van me 18/12
keer er voor 15
daarvoor 14
was telkens te hoog
zal dan 180/120 geweest zijn denk
morgen toch even bieten sap gaan halen
Dacht je dat bietensap die bloeddruk gaat verlagen naar een normaal niveau
? Grapjas.---------- Toegevoegd om 10:49 ---------- De post hierboven werd geplaatst om 10:47 ----------
Zal best ja, maar nog een maand met 180/120 rondlopen is gewoon slecht voor jeLaat je bloed eens testen, heb je niet gewoon een hoog hematocriet?
Hematocriet heeft daar geen fluit mee te maken. Ik heb ook een te hoog hematocriet en hemoglobine maar mijn bloeddruk is normaal 12/7. Dat zijn totaal andere zaken.
---------- Toegevoegd om 10:55 ---------- De post hierboven werd geplaatst om 10:49 ----------
Waarom is het toch altijd van die smerige troep die allerhande kwaaltjes verhelpt
Zogezegd. Als je hoge bloeddruk hebt daar anabolen gaat die bietensap niks doen. Het gevaar van internet. Al die rotzooi informatie die op geen wetenschappelijke onderbouwing gebaseerd is, wordt door de goedgelovigen als waarheid aanzien. Ik kan mij inbeelden dat bietensap je bloeddruk wat verlaagt als je voor de rest al gezond leeft maar tegen de bijwerkingen van anabolen gaat dat geen fluit helpen.
Dacht je dat bietensap die bloeddruk gaat verlagen naar een normaal niveau
---------- Toegevoegd om 10:49 ---------- De post hierboven werd geplaatst om 10:47 ----------
Hematocriet heeft daar geen fluit mee te maken. Ik heb ook een te hoog hematocriet en hemoglobine maar mijn bloeddruk is normaal 12/7. Dat zijn totaal andere zaken.
Maar combinatie van hoge hematocriet en hoge bloeddruk is wel lethal
Heb zelf alle middeltjes en dingetjes geprobeerd om bloeddruk te verlagen, maar bij 95% van de gevallen is er geen reden aan te wijzen van het ontstaan van een te hoge bloeddruk (bij 180/120 ga ik er niet vanuit dat je zonder gear gewoon op 120/80 zit)
Loop zelf ook rond met een bloeddruk die nooit onder de 150/75 komt, ongeacht medicatie, supplementen, voeding, etc. Gellukkig blijft mijn bloeddruk stabiel tijdens het kuren zolang ik geen stimulanten als ECA en DMAA ga gebruiken. Laatste keer dat ik DMAA gebruikte had ik 5 uur later nog een bloeddruk van 212/95.
Allemaal goed en wel maar als je elke dag 20 pinten zuipt of elke week een dikke spuit tren zet, of heel veel strees hebt en weinig slaapt, zal dat niet veel helpen. De oorzaak is dan veel sterker dan de remedie. Bloeddruk zal dan enkel normaliseren als je de oorzaak wegneemt.
---------- Toegevoegd om 11:04 ---------- De post hierboven werd geplaatst om 10:59 ----------
Maar combinatie van hoge hematocriet en hoge bloeddruk is wel lethal
Heb zelf alle middeltjes en dingetjes geprobeerd om bloeddruk te verlagen, maar bij 95% van de gevallen is er geen reden aan te wijzen van het ontstaan van een te hoge bloeddruk (bij 180/120 ga ik er niet vanuit dat je zonder gear gewoon op 120/80 zit)
Loop zelf ook rond met een bloeddruk die nooit onder de 150/75 komt, ongeacht medicatie, supplementen, voeding, etc. Gellukkig blijft mijn bloeddruk stabiel tijdens het kuren zolang ik geen stimulanten als ECA en DMAA ga gebruiken. Laatste keer dat ik DMAA gebruikte had ik 5 uur later nog een bloeddruk van 212/95.
Sommige mensen hebben ook aanleg voor een hoge bloeddruk maar dan bestaat daar wel echte medicatie voor om dat te verhelpen en dat wordt ook niet met bietensap opgelost. Hetzelfde als mensen met aanleg voor een te hoog cholesterol. Dat kan ook niet met gezonde voeding opgelost worden maar enkel met levenslange medicatie om cholesterol drastisch te verlagen. Maar als mensen een oorzaak hebben voor deze problemen, is het enkel nodig om de oorzaak weg te nemen.
---------- Toegevoegd om 11:06 ---------- De post hierboven werd geplaatst om 11:04 ----------
Ik ken nochtans verschillende sportmensen met een hoog hematocriet en normale bloeddruk. Mijn bloeddruk is zelfs soms aan de lage kant.Maar combinatie van hoge hematocriet en hoge bloeddruk is wel lethal
Helemaal mee eens. Zit zelf aan de ACE-remmers en diuretics voor mijn bloeddruk, maar ook dit verlaagd mijn bloeddruk niet
---------- Toegevoegd om 11:08 ---------- De post hierboven werd geplaatst om 11:07 ----------
Ja zeker, dit staat ook los van elkaar. Was ook meer een toevoeging, geen verbetering. Combinatie van een te hoge bloeddruk en te hoog hematocriet is wel vrij killing bedoelde ik gewoon te zeggen, dus wanneer je al een te hoge bloeddruk hebt zou ik zeker je hematocriet ook goed in de gaten houden aangezien je daar (makkelijker) wat aan kan doen dan aan een te hoge bloeddruk in de meeste gevallen.
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Precies, het verlaagd je bloeddruk iets. Ook als je aan de anabolen zit! Hoe weet je dat het geen fluit helpt als je aan de anabolen zit? Spreek je uit eigen ervaring? En natuurlijk is iets als bietensap geen vervanging voor medicatie. Volgens mij beweert niemand dat ook. Het gaat in dit topic om een iets verhoogde bloeddruk door AAS gebruik.
Ik deed daar eigenlijk niks tegen. Ja, eens een maand cardioaspirine genomen omdat ik weet dat dit het risico op tromboses en hartinfarcten verminderd ten gevolge van bloedklonters. Ik zit al een tijdje niet meer aan de AS en hematocriet zal dan weer gezakt zijn. Ik heb sinds november 2011 geen bloed meer laten controleren. Bloed doneren mag ik niet omdat ik hepatitis C heb gehad.
---------- Toegevoegd om 17:55 ---------- De post hierboven werd geplaatst om 17:49 ----------
14/9 is voor mij een iets te hoge bloeddruk. 18/12 is voor mij niet gelijk aan iets verhoogde bloeddruk. Is een veel te hoge bloeddruk. Wil ik toch wel eens zien wat je bietensap daarmee gaat doen. Verlagen naar 13/8 of 12/7? Vergeet dat maar.
---------- Toegevoegd om 17:56 ---------- De post hierboven werd geplaatst om 17:55 ----------
Ja, dat is evident.
