Ze hebben het hier vooral over een ander soort shroom dan de gebruikelijke psilocybine shrooms of truffels die geen muscimol of ibotenic acid bevatten..
Deze paddestoelen zijn inderdaad slecht voor je..
Zover ik gelezen heb zijn psilocybine shrooms echt niet schadelijk.
De toxiciteit op cellen is laag, maar dat wil niet zeggen ongevaarlijk. De effecten op de hersenfunctie is een geheel andere zaak bij deze. De pdf gaat over de mogelijke negatieve mentale effecten zoals angst, depressie en psychose.
Maar zo werkt de stof. Het sterk beinvloeden van je serotonine en/of dopamine gehalte zet je lichaam open voor beschadiging door lichaamseigen en exogene stoffen.
Pharmacology
The neurotransmitter serotonin is structurally similar to psilocybin.Psilocybin is rapidly dephosphorylated in the body to psilocin, which is a partial agonist for several serotonergic receptors. Psilocin has a high affinity for the 5-HT2A serotonin receptor in the brain, where it mimics the effects of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, or 5-HT). Psilocin binds less tightly to other serotonergic receptors 5-HT1A, 5-HT1D, and 5-HT2C.[1] Serotonin receptors are located in numerous parts of the brain, including the cerebral cortex, and are involved in a wide range of functions, including regulation of mood and motivation.[2] The psychotomimetic (psychosis-mimicking) effects of psilocin can be blocked in a dose-dependent fashion by the 5-HT2A antagonist drugs ketanserin and risperidone.[3] Although the 5-HT2A receptor is responsible for most of the effects of psilocin, various lines of evidence have shown that interactions with non-5-HT2A receptors also contribute to the subjective and behavioral effects of the drug.[4] For example, psilocin indirectly increases the concentration of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the basal ganglia, and some psychotomimetic symptoms of psilocin are reduced by haloperidol, a non-selective dopamine receptor antagonist. Taken together, these suggest that there may be an indirect dopaminergic contribution to psilocin's psychotomimetic effects.[5] In contrast to LSD, which binds to all dopamine receptor subtypes, psilocybin and psilocin have no affinity for the dopamine receptors.[1]
References
[1] Passie T, Seifert J, Schneider U, Emrich HM. (2002). "The pharmacology of psilocybin". Addiction Biology 7 (4): 357–64. doi:10.1080/1355621021000005937. PMID 14578010.
[2] Adams JD Jr. (2009). "Chemical interactions with pyramidal neurons in layer 5 of the cerebral cortex: control of pain and anxiety". Current Medicinal Chemistry 16 (27): 3476–9. doi:10.2174/092986709789057626. PMID 19799545.
[3] Vollenweider FX, Vollenweider-Scherpenhuyzen MF, Babler A, Vogel H, Hell D. (1998). "Psilocybin induces schizophrenia-like psychosis in humans via a serotonin-2 agonist action". NeuroReport 9 (17): 3897–902. doi:10.1097/00001756-199812010-00024. PMID 9875725.
[4] Halberstadt AL, Geyer MA. (2011). "Multiple receptors contribute to the behavioral effects of indoleamine hallucinogens". Neuropharmacology 61 (3): 364–81. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.01.017. PMC 3110631. PMID 21256140.
[5] Coull JT, Cheng R-K, Meck WH. (2011). "Neuroanatomical and neurochemical substrates of timing". Neuropsychopharmacology Reviews 36 (1): 3–25. doi:10.1038/npp.2010.113. PMID 20668434.