- Lid geworden
- 24 aug 2004
- Berichten
- 11.190
- Waardering
- 852
- Lengte
- 1m83
- Massa
- 85kg
- Vetpercentage
- 9%
Nog wat wetenschappelijke onderlegging van het feit dat krachttraining op jonge leeftijd alleen maar goed is:
Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) of the tibia: a sensitive tool for the detection of bone changes in growing boys.
Falk B, Sadres E, Constantini N, Eliakim A, Zigel L, Foldes AJ.
Ribstein Center for Sport Medicine Sciences and Research, Wingate Institute, Netanya, Israel. bfalk@ccsg.tau.ac.il
The purpose of this study was to determine whether growth-related changes in bone properties can be detected in prepubertal boys using quantitative ultrasound (QUS) and to determine whether resistance training stimulates bone changes. Two groups, each of thirty 9-10 year-old boys, participated in regular physical education classes or in resistance training. Tibial speed of sound (SOS) (SoundScan 2000, Myriad) was assessed at the beginning of the school year and after 8 months. At baseline, there were no differences between groups in tibial SOS, anthropometric measures or pubertal development. At the end of the year, the tibial SOS increased (p<0.001) in both groups to a similar extent. In addition, there were no differences in the increases in height between the two groups. This indicates that resistance training during the physical education program did not induce changes in bone beyond what would be expected by the mere effect of growing. We conclude that changes in tibial SOS, as obtained with QUS, can be detected in groups of prepubertal boys over a period of 8 months.
Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology position paper: resistance training in children and adolescents
David G. Behm, Avery D. Faigenbaum, Baraket Falk, and Panagiota Klentrou
Abstract: Many position stands and review papers have refuted the myths associated with resistance training (RT) in children and adolescents. With proper training methods, RT for children and adolescents can be relatively safe and improve overall health. The objective of this position paper and review is to highlight research and provide recommendations in aspects of RT that have not been extensively reported in the pediatric literature. In addition to the well-documented increases in muscular strength and endurance, RT has been used to improve function in pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis and cerebral palsy, as well as pediatric burn victims. Increases in children’s muscular strength have been attributed primarily to neurological adaptations due to the disproportionately higher increase in muscle strength than in muscle size. Although most studies using anthropometric measures have not shown significant muscle hypertrophy in children, more sensitive measures such as magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound have suggested hypertrophy may occur. There is no minimum age for RT for children. However, the training and instruction must be appropriate for children and adolescents, involving a proper warm-up, cool-down, and appropriate choice of exercises. It is recommended that low- to moderate-intensity resistance exercise should be done 2–3 times/week on non-consecutive days, with 1–2 sets initially, progressing to 4 sets of 8–15 repetitions for 8–12 exercises. These exercises can include more advanced movements such as Olympic-style lifting, plyometrics, and balance training, which can enhance strength, power, co-ordination, and balance. However, specific guidelines for these more advanced techniques need to be established for youth. In conclusion, an RT program that is within a child’s or adolescent’s capacity and involves gradual progression under qualified instruction and supervision with appropriately sized equipment can involve more advanced or intense RT exercises, which can lead to functional (i.e., muscular strength, endurance, power, balance, and co-ordination) and health benefits.
Strength Training for Children and Adolescents
Jeffrey A. Guy, MD and Lyle J. Micheli, MD
Dr. Guy is Fellow in Sportsmedicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Mass. Dr. Micheli is Director, Division of Sports Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital; and Associate Clinical Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston.
Reprint requests: Dr. Micheli, Boston Children’s Hospital, 319 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115.
Strength, or resistance, training for young athletes has become one of the most popular and rapidly evolving modes of enhancing athletic performance. Early studies questioned both the safety and the effectiveness of strength training for young athletes, but current evidence indicates that both children and adolescents can increase muscular strength as a consequence of strength training. This increase in strength is largely related to the intensity and volume of loading and appears to be the result of increased neuromuscular activation and coordination, rather than muscle hypertrophy. Training-induced strength gains are largely reversible when the training is discontinued. There is no current evidence to support the misconceptions that children need androgens for strength gain or lose flexibility with training. Given proper supervision and appropriate program design, young athletes participating in resistance training can increase muscular strength and do not appear to be at any greater risk of injury than young athletes who have not undergone such training.
Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) of the tibia: a sensitive tool for the detection of bone changes in growing boys.
Falk B, Sadres E, Constantini N, Eliakim A, Zigel L, Foldes AJ.
Ribstein Center for Sport Medicine Sciences and Research, Wingate Institute, Netanya, Israel. bfalk@ccsg.tau.ac.il
The purpose of this study was to determine whether growth-related changes in bone properties can be detected in prepubertal boys using quantitative ultrasound (QUS) and to determine whether resistance training stimulates bone changes. Two groups, each of thirty 9-10 year-old boys, participated in regular physical education classes or in resistance training. Tibial speed of sound (SOS) (SoundScan 2000, Myriad) was assessed at the beginning of the school year and after 8 months. At baseline, there were no differences between groups in tibial SOS, anthropometric measures or pubertal development. At the end of the year, the tibial SOS increased (p<0.001) in both groups to a similar extent. In addition, there were no differences in the increases in height between the two groups. This indicates that resistance training during the physical education program did not induce changes in bone beyond what would be expected by the mere effect of growing. We conclude that changes in tibial SOS, as obtained with QUS, can be detected in groups of prepubertal boys over a period of 8 months.
Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology position paper: resistance training in children and adolescents
David G. Behm, Avery D. Faigenbaum, Baraket Falk, and Panagiota Klentrou
Abstract: Many position stands and review papers have refuted the myths associated with resistance training (RT) in children and adolescents. With proper training methods, RT for children and adolescents can be relatively safe and improve overall health. The objective of this position paper and review is to highlight research and provide recommendations in aspects of RT that have not been extensively reported in the pediatric literature. In addition to the well-documented increases in muscular strength and endurance, RT has been used to improve function in pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis and cerebral palsy, as well as pediatric burn victims. Increases in children’s muscular strength have been attributed primarily to neurological adaptations due to the disproportionately higher increase in muscle strength than in muscle size. Although most studies using anthropometric measures have not shown significant muscle hypertrophy in children, more sensitive measures such as magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound have suggested hypertrophy may occur. There is no minimum age for RT for children. However, the training and instruction must be appropriate for children and adolescents, involving a proper warm-up, cool-down, and appropriate choice of exercises. It is recommended that low- to moderate-intensity resistance exercise should be done 2–3 times/week on non-consecutive days, with 1–2 sets initially, progressing to 4 sets of 8–15 repetitions for 8–12 exercises. These exercises can include more advanced movements such as Olympic-style lifting, plyometrics, and balance training, which can enhance strength, power, co-ordination, and balance. However, specific guidelines for these more advanced techniques need to be established for youth. In conclusion, an RT program that is within a child’s or adolescent’s capacity and involves gradual progression under qualified instruction and supervision with appropriately sized equipment can involve more advanced or intense RT exercises, which can lead to functional (i.e., muscular strength, endurance, power, balance, and co-ordination) and health benefits.
Strength Training for Children and Adolescents
Jeffrey A. Guy, MD and Lyle J. Micheli, MD
Dr. Guy is Fellow in Sportsmedicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Mass. Dr. Micheli is Director, Division of Sports Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital; and Associate Clinical Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston.
Reprint requests: Dr. Micheli, Boston Children’s Hospital, 319 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115.
Strength, or resistance, training for young athletes has become one of the most popular and rapidly evolving modes of enhancing athletic performance. Early studies questioned both the safety and the effectiveness of strength training for young athletes, but current evidence indicates that both children and adolescents can increase muscular strength as a consequence of strength training. This increase in strength is largely related to the intensity and volume of loading and appears to be the result of increased neuromuscular activation and coordination, rather than muscle hypertrophy. Training-induced strength gains are largely reversible when the training is discontinued. There is no current evidence to support the misconceptions that children need androgens for strength gain or lose flexibility with training. Given proper supervision and appropriate program design, young athletes participating in resistance training can increase muscular strength and do not appear to be at any greater risk of injury than young athletes who have not undergone such training.